Central and northern region; flat, elevated terrain (300–500 m), fertile soils, agricultural hub for millet, sorghum, maize.
Northwestern loop of the Mouhoun (Black Volta) River; fertile, diverse vegetation and wildlife; supports irrigation and fishing.
Eastern semi-arid zone; savanna grasslands, rocky outcrops; nomadic herding communities practice transhumance.
Transitional ecological zone across north, central, east; mix of grasslands, shrubs, trees; wet and dry seasons support varied agriculture.
Southwestern UNESCO World Heritage Site; savannas, wetlands, forests; rich wildlife including lions, elephants, antelopes, birds.
Part of the Volta Basin (Africa's fourth largest). Main rivers: Mouhoun (Black Volta), Nakambé (White Volta), Pendjari (Oti). Vital for irrigation, hydroelectric power, ecosystems.
Tropical with distinct wet (June–October) and dry (November–May) seasons; high temperatures year-round (35–40°C average highs).