Why did fighting continue after Angola and Mozambique achieve independence?

Despite achieving independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola descended into a protracted civil war that lasted for 27 years. The war was primarily fought between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), which had the support of the Soviet Union and Cuba, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), which was backed by the United States and South Africa. The conflict was fueled by ideological differences, ethnic tensions, and the struggle for control over Angola's rich natural resources, particularly oil. The war caused immense destruction, displacement, and loss of life, with estimates ranging in the hundreds of thousands. It officially ended in 2002 with the signing of the Luena Memorandum of Understanding, which led to the disarmament and demobilization of UNITA forces.

Mozambique:

After Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975, the country faced a civil war that lasted for over a decade. The war was fought between the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), which had the support of the Soviet Union and Cuba, and the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO), which was backed by the white-minority government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and South Africa. The conflict was rooted in ideological differences, ethnic rivalries, and the struggle for control over Mozambique's resources. The war was characterized by intense violence, human rights abuses, and displacement of civilians. It officially ended in 1992 with the signing of the General Peace Agreement, which led to the demobilization of RENAMO forces and the establishment of a multiparty democratic system in Mozambique.