Understanding Brazil's Government Structure

Brazil's Federal Republic

Brazil operates as a federal republic where the president serves as both head of state and head of government. The president is directly elected by the people for a four-year term and may be re-elected once.

Executive Branch

The president appoints a prime minister who oversees day-to-day administration, as well as cabinet ministers who lead various government ministries and agencies.

Legislative Branch

The National Congress forms the legislative branch, consisting of two houses:

  • Senate: 81 members — three from each of the 26 states and three from the Federal District.
  • Chamber of Deputies: 513 members elected by proportional representation.

Judicial Branch

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, comprising 11 justices appointed by the president with Senate approval.

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