- The imposition of colonial rule by the British in the 19th century created a sense of national identity among Nigerians, as they were united in their opposition to foreign domination.
2. Economic exploitation:
- The colonial powers exploited Nigeria's resources, such as oil and minerals, for their own benefit, which led to widespread poverty and resentment among Nigerians.
3. Cultural suppression:
- The British attempted to suppress Nigerian culture and traditions, which further fueled nationalist sentiment.
4. Rise of the educated elite:
- A growing number of Nigerians were educated in European schools and universities, and they became exposed to Western ideas about democracy and self-determination.
5. Garveyism:
- The Pan-Africanist movement, led by Marcus Garvey, inspired many Nigerians to think about their place in the world and to fight for their rights.
6. The Second World War:
- The war exposed Nigerian soldiers to the world beyond Africa and helped to break down colonial stereotypes.
7. The Cold War:
- The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union led to both superpowers providing support to nationalist movements in Africa, including Nigeria.
8. The Nigerian Civil War:
- The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) further strengthened Nigerian nationalism, as people from all ethnic groups came together to defend their country.