Political instability: Sierra Leone's government was weak and ineffectual, and corruption was rampant. There was little trust in the government or its institutions, and many Sierra Leoneans felt that they had no stake in the country's future. This led to a rise in support for rebel groups that promised to overthrow the government and bring about change.
Rebel groups and their supporters: The civil war was started by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), a rebel group that was backed by Liberia, a neighboring country. The RUF was led by Foday Sankoh, a former army sergeant who claimed to be fighting for the rights of the poor and marginalized. Other rebel groups, such as the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), also emerged during the war. These groups were often motivated by greed and a desire for power, and they committed numerous atrocities against civilians.
Economic disruption: The civil war had a devastating impact on Sierra Leone's economy. The fighting destroyed infrastructure, disrupted trade, and caused many businesses to close. This led to widespread poverty and unemployment, further deepening the divides within society.
External factors: The civil war in Sierra Leone also had international dimensions. Liberia's support for the RUF was a major factor in the conflict, and other countries including Guinea, Nigeria, and the United Kingdom also intervened at various points. The civil war contributed to regional instability and the spread of violence across West Africa.