What countries in the Middle East or Africa have parliamentary democracy?

Several countries within the Middle East and Africa do have parliamentary democratic systems of governance. Here are a few notable countries that fit this criterion:

Israel: Israel is a parliamentary republic where the Prime Minister serves as the head of government and the President holds a largely ceremonial role. The Israeli parliament, known as the Knesset, holds legislative authority and is elected through proportional representation.

Mauritius: Mauritius, an island nation located off the coast of Africa, is a parliamentary republic. The Prime Minister serves as the head of government, while the President acts as the head of state. The Mauritian parliament comprises directly elected members, and the country is known for its stable democratic governance.

Tunisia: After the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011, Tunisia transitioned to a parliamentary democracy. The country has a semi-presidential system, where the President and the Prime Minister share executive powers, and a unicameral legislature known as the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. Tunisia has made progress in implementing democratic reforms and upholding fundamental rights and freedoms.

South Africa: South Africa is a parliamentary republic with a strong emphasis on human rights and inclusivity. The country's constitution guarantees extensive rights and freedoms, and the parliament is elected through proportional representation. South Africa has made strides in addressing racial disparities and fostering national reconciliation.

Botswana: Botswana is considered one of the most stable and democratic countries in Africa. It operates as a parliamentary republic, with the President serving as the head of state and the Vice President as the head of government. The country's democratic system is notable for its peaceful transfers of power and the effective management of natural resources.

Senegal: Senegal is a parliamentary democracy with a strong tradition of multi-party politics. The President serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister leads the government. The Senegalese parliament is comprised of directly elected members, and the country has a strong civil society that contributes to democratic processes.

These are just a few examples of countries in the Middle East and Africa that have parliamentary democratic systems in place. It's worth noting that the status and strength of democracy can vary within and between countries, and challenges may arise in terms of governance, political stability, and human rights adherence.