During the Ottoman period (1517-1917), Jews were generally tolerated in Palestine, and many Jewish communities flourished. However, there were also periods of persecution, such as the Safed massacre of 1660, in which hundreds of Jews were killed by Arab mobs.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine began, largely due to the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe. This led to increased tensions between Jews and Arabs, as many Arabs feared that the Jews were trying to take over Palestine.
After the British Mandate for Palestine ended in 1948, the State of Israel was declared. This led to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, in which Israel defeated several Arab countries. As a result of the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were displaced from their homes, and many became refugees.
The ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a complex and long-standing one, with no easy solutions. While there have been some attempts to resolve the conflict, such as the Oslo Accords of the 1990s, no comprehensive agreement has been reached.
