Founding of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF): 1987 in Uganda

Origins of the RPF

The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was established in 1987 by Rwandan Tutsi exiles living in Uganda. Key founders included Fred Rwigema and Paul Kagame, both of whom had served in Uganda's National Resistance Army under Yoweri Museveni.

Context and Motivations

• Decades of anti-Tutsi discrimination, violence, and failed repatriation negotiations under Rwanda's Habyarimana regime.
• Inspiration from Uganda's successful guerrilla struggle.
• Goal: secure the right of return for Rwandan refugees and establish a unified, democratic Rwanda.

Early Milestones

• October 1, 1990: RPF launched its armed invasion from Uganda, starting the Rwandan Civil War.
• 1993 Arusha Accords: Power-sharing agreement that collapsed after Habyarimana's assassination.
• July 1994: RPF military victory ended the genocide and formed a Government of National Unity.

Legacy

The RPF has governed Rwanda since 1994, overseeing remarkable reconstruction, economic growth, and social transformation, while facing criticism over political space and human rights.