Savanna vs. Desert: Key Differences

FeatureSavannaDesert
ClimateSeasonal: distinct wet/dry seasons. 500–1500 mm rain/yr.Arid: <250 mm rain/yr. Extreme drought.
VegetationContinuous grass layer + scattered trees (acacia, baobab). Fire-adapted.Sparse: xerophytes (cacti, succulents, shrubs). Bare ground dominant.
AnimalsMigratory grazers (wildebeest, zebra), browsers (giraffe), predators (lion, cheetah). High biomass.Specialists: camels, reptiles, rodents, insects. Low density, nocturnal.
SoilFertile (wet-season decomposition), lateritic.Sandy/rocky, low organic matter, saline/alkaline.
Human UsePastoralism, farming, hunting, tourism. Dense populations.Nomadic herding, oasis agriculture, mining, tourism. Sparse population.

Savannas are transitional (forest ↔ desert); deserts are aridity extremes. Both are fragile, but savannas support far higher productivity and human density.

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