Aslanov was born on 27 February 1918 in the village of Khnas in the Lankaran district of Azerbaijan. His education was interrupted by war and by the time he was 24, he had already gone from being an ordinary sergeant in the Red Army to a battalion commander.
In February 1942, Aslanov's battalion was surrounded in the vicinity of the village of Ivanovskoye, located 20 kilometres from Velikiye Luki, and was in need of ammunition and supplies. Aslanov personally collected a small group of fighters and in a daring exploit, with only the cover of darkness, bypassed heavily fortified German positions and delivered the badly needed supplies to the embattled battalion. At about 4:30 am on 24 January 1945, Aslanov's 3rd battalion of the 1st regiment of the 2nd division engaged the Germans from a forest about 1–1.5 km from the villages of Słota and Bąle (nowadays Gmina Głubczyce, Poland) and were caught in heavy crossfire coming from both machine guns and artillery. He continued to fight despite sustaining injuries and eventually succumbed to his wounds around 10 am.
On 29 June 1945, Aslanov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
