Saudi Arabia holds ~18% of world proven oil reserves. State-owned Saudi Aramco manages production and export, generating massive revenue from crude oil and refined products.
Domestic refineries and petrochemical complexes add value by converting crude into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and chemicals, expanding export range and profitability.
Investments in refining, marketing, and petrochemicals capture more value. Vision 2030 also drives renewable energy and tech investments to reduce oil dependence.
Abundant energy resources and favorable policies draw international capital, expertise, and jobs across energy, infrastructure, and tourism sectors.
Religious sites (Mecca, Medina), historical heritage, and new resort developments generate significant non-oil revenue.