- Colonial Legacy: Sudan gained independence from British colonial rule in 1956. The colonial powers created administrative boundaries that did not align with ethnic and cultural divisions, leading to tensions between different groups.
- North-South Divide: Sudan is divided into two main regions: the predominantly Muslim and Arabized north and the mainly Christian and animist south. This divide has led to economic and political disparities, with the north dominating power and resources.
- Marginalization: Marginalized groups in Sudan, particularly those in the south and western regions, have long experienced neglect and discrimination from the central government. Their grievances fueled feelings of resentment and separatist movements.
- Oil Discovery: The discovery of oil in the south in the 1970s further intensified conflict. Control over oil revenues became a major point of contention, sparking conflicts between southern rebel groups and the dominant northern-based government.
- Government Repression: Successive Sudanese governments have often responded to demands for greater autonomy or fair resource sharing with military force and repression, escalating tensions and deepening conflicts.
- Proxy Conflicts: Sudan has been involved in proxy conflicts with neighboring countries, particularly Chad and Ethiopia. These regional dynamics have exacerbated instability and fueled arms proliferation within Sudan.
The complex interplay of these factors over the decades has led to multiple civil wars, humanitarian crises, and ongoing efforts to achieve lasting peace and a sustainable resolution to the conflict in Sudan.
