- Building oasis settlements: People built oasis settlements around water sources, where they could grow crops and raise animals. Oases were often located near rivers or underground aquifers, and people developed systems for storing and distributing water.
- Developing drought-resistant crops: People developed drought-resistant crops that could withstand the harsh conditions of the Sahara Desert. These crops included millet, sorghum, and wheat. People also learned to store food and water for long periods of time.