1. Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan is a unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic. The President is the head of state and government, while the Prime Minister leads the cabinet and is responsible for day-to-day governance.
2. Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan is a parliamentary republic. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister heads the government and presides over the cabinet.
3. Tajikistan: Tajikistan is a semi-presidential republic with a strong presidential system. The President is both head of state and head of government, with considerable executive power.
4. Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan is a presidential republic. The President is the head of state and head of government, and all branches of power are concentrated in his hands.
5. Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan is a presidential republic. The President is the head of state and head of government, with significant influence over decision-making in the country.
6. Afghanistan: Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic. The President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is the head of the government, the head of state, and also of the armed forces.