Major Mineral and Earth Deposits Across Pakistan

Pakistan’s Geological Wealth

Pakistan hosts a diverse array of mineral and earth deposits distributed across its provinces. These resources underpin key industries and offer significant economic potential.

Thar Desert (Sindh)

World-class lignite coal reserves—estimated at 175 billion tons—make Thar a future energy hub. Mining and power projects are underway.

Balochistan

• Copper, gold, silver (Saindak, Reko Diq)
• Zinc, lead, chromite
• Barite, fluorite, gypsum

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

• Marble, granite, limestone (construction stone)
• Emeralds, aquamarine (gemstones)
• Rock salt, silica sand

Punjab

• Rock salt (Khewra—world’s second-largest salt mine)
• Gypsum, clay, limestone
• Iron ore (Kalabagh, Chiniot)

Sindh (Beyond Thar)

• Limestone, silica sand, fire clay
• Bentonite, celestite

Gilgit-Baltistan & Azad Kashmir

• Gemstones (ruby, tourmaline, topaz)
• Marble, granite
• Hydroelectric potential

Economic Outlook

Development of these resources requires infrastructure, investment, and transparent regulation. If managed sustainably, they could transform Pakistan’s industrial base and export earnings.