Loss of land and resources. The Europeans took over Aboriginal land for their own use, which left Aboriginal peoples without the resources they needed to survive. This led to widespread poverty and disease.
Forced removal from traditional lands. Many Aboriginal peoples were forcibly removed from their traditional lands and relocated to distant and unfamiliar places. This disrupted their culture and way of life, and caused great psychological distress.
Violence and murder. The Europeans committed acts of violence and murder against Aboriginal peoples, which devastated their communities. This included massacres, forced removals, and the introduction of diseases such as smallpox.
Loss of culture and spirituality. The Europeans' efforts to assimilate Aboriginal peoples led to the loss of traditional culture and spirituality. This caused a loss of identity and a sense of rootlessness among Aboriginal peoples.
Intergenerational trauma. The negative effects of European colonisation have been passed down from generation to generation, leading to intergenerational trauma. This has had long-lasting impacts on the health, social, and emotional well-being of Aboriginal peoples.