Native Peoples of Greenland & Arctic Canada

Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat)

• Kalaallit / Greenlandic Inuit — ~88% of 56,000 population. Descendants of Thule culture (Alaska → Greenland, ~13th C). Language: Kalaallisut (official).
• Danish & other Europeans — ~12% (historical administration, migration).

Arctic Canada (Inuit Nunangat)

Four Inuit regions (land claims settled):

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region (NWT) — Inuvialuit
• Nunavut — Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin), Kivalliq, Kitikmeot Inuit
• Nunavik (Northern Québec) — Nunavimmiut
• Nunatsiavut (Northern Labrador) — Labrador Inuit

Alaska (U.S.) — Iñupiat (North Slope, Northwest Arctic, Bering Straits)

Other Arctic Indigenous Groups (Canada)

• Métis — Mixed Inuit/European (French/Scottish); Mackenzie Delta, Nunavut
• First Nations (Dene) — Gwich'in, Sahtu Dene, Tłı̨chǫ (NWT, N. Alberta)
• Innu (Montagnais/Naskapi) — Labrador, Québec (Algonquian)
• Cree — Northern Québec, Ontario, Prairies (Algonquian)

All share deep connection to land, sea ice, and subsistence traditions — now confronting climate change, resource development, and self-determination struggles.