Notable Empires Throughout History

Major Empires Across Eras

Ancient

• Egyptian (c. 3100‑332 BC)
• Akkadian (c. 2334‑2154 BC)
• Neo‑Assyrian (c. 911‑612 BC)
• Persian Achaemenid (c. 559‑330 BC)
• Roman (27 BC‑476 AD)

Medieval

• Byzantine (330‑1453)
• Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphates (632‑1258)
• Mongol (1206‑1368)

Early Modern

• Ottoman (1299‑1922)
• Safavid (1501‑1736)
• Mughal (1526‑1857)
• Spanish (1492‑1975)
• Portuguese (1415‑1999)

Modern

• British (1497‑1997)
• French (16th c.‑1962)
• Russian (1721‑1917)
• German (1871‑1918)
• Japanese (1868‑1945)

These empires shaped political borders, culture, trade, and technology worldwide.