The soil types of Andaman & Nicobar Islands can broadly be classified into three main categories based on their composition and characteristics:
1. Laterite Soils:
- These soils are red or reddish-brown in color and are derived from the weathering of basic rocks such as basalt.
- They have a high content of iron and aluminum oxides.
- Laterite soils are well-drained and have good aeration.
- They are commonly found in the elevated areas of these islands.
2. Alluvial Soils:
- These soils are formed by the deposition of sediments carried by rivers and streams.
- They are fertile and have a good water-holding capacity.
- Alluvial soils are generally found in the coastal areas and low-lying regions of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
3. Beach Sands:
- These are coarse-textured soils composed primarily of sand particles.
- Beach sands are found along the shores and beaches of these islands.
- They are generally infertile and have poor water-holding capacity.
In addition to these major soil types, there are also pockets of other soil types, such as black cotton soils, peat soils, and saline soils, in various parts of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Soil Fertility and Crop Production
The fertility of soils in Andaman & Nicobar Islands varies depending on the soil type, climate, topography, and vegetation cover. In general, the alluvial soils are considered the most fertile and suitable for agriculture, followed by laterite soils. Beach sands are generally not suitable for cultivation without significant improvements and amendments.
The main crops cultivated in Andaman & Nicobar Islands include coconuts, betel nuts, cassava, bananas, pulses, and vegetables. Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves are also grown in some areas.
