- Fertile Crescent: The earliest evidence of cattle domestication is from the Fertile Crescent region, which includes parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel.
- Indus Valley: Another significant centre of cattle domestication was the Indus Valley civilization in South Asia, encompassing parts of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
- Africa: Cattle domestication took place independently in Africa, with significant centres in the Nile Valley (Egypt and Sudan) and the Ethiopian Highlands.
The Mediterranean region played a crucial role in the spread and exchange of domesticated cattle, as it was a hub for trade and cultural interactions between different civilizations. However, the initial domestication of cattle occurred in the regions mentioned above.