Three Governments That Ruled Russia in the 20th Century

1. The Russian Empire (1721–1917) – Absolute monarchy under the Romanov dynasty. Ended with Nicholas II's abdication in the February Revolution (Mar 1917).
2. The Russian Provisional Government (Mar–Nov 1917) – Liberal/socialist coalition led by Prince Lvov, then Alexander Kerensky. Failed to exit WWI or enact land reform; overthrown by the October Revolution (Nov 1917).
3. The Soviet Union / RSFSR (1917–1991) – Bolshevik/Communist Party one-party state. Formally USSR from 1922. Dissolved 26 Dec 1991 under Gorbachev/Yeltsin.

Note: Brief intervening regimes (e.g., Russian State under Kolchak 1918–1920, Far Eastern Republic 1920–1922) lacked broad recognition.