* Causes:
- Agriculture
- Logging
- Mining
- Urban development
* Effects:
- Loss of biodiversity
- Soil erosion
- Water pollution
- Climate change
- Increased risk of natural disasters
Urbanization
* Causes:
- Rural-to-urban migration
- Population growth
* Effects:
- Increased air pollution
- Water shortages
- Traffic congestion
- Crime
- Inadequate housing
Water pollution
* Causes:
- Industrial waste
- Agricultural runoff
- Sewage
- Oil spills
* Effects:
- Waterborne diseases
- Fish kills
- Coral reef damage
- Loss of biodiversity
Climate change
* Causes:
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- Deforestation
* Effects:
- Rising sea levels
- Increased hurricane intensity
- More extreme weather events
- Changes in agricultural yields
- Water shortages