- Israel: A Jewish state established in 1948 in the region of Palestine, which had been under British control since World War I.
- Palestine: The Arab-majority population of the region that became Israel, as well as the surrounding areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
- Egypt: A major regional power and Arab country that has been involved in the conflict since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
- Syria: Another major regional power and Arab country that has been involved in the conflict since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
- Jordan: An Arab country that was created after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and has been involved in the conflict since then.
- Lebanon: An Arab country that has been affected by the conflict due to its proximity to Israel and the presence of Palestinian refugee camps in its territory.
Other Parties Involved
- United Nations (UN): An international organization that has been involved in the Middle East conflict since its inception. The UN has played a key role in peacekeeping operations, humanitarian assistance, and mediation efforts.
- United States (US): A major global power that has been involved in the Middle East conflict since the 1940s. The US has provided diplomatic, economic, and military support to Israel and has played a key role in peace negotiations.
- European Union (EU): A regional organization of European countries that has been involved in the Middle East conflict since the 1970s. The EU has provided financial assistance, development aid, and diplomatic support to the parties involved in the conflict.
Other Involved Groups and Organizations
- Various Palestinian militant groups: Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) are among the most prominent Palestinian militant groups that have been involved in the conflict with Israel.
- Hezbollah: A Lebanese Shia Islamist political and military organization that has been involved in the conflict with Israel since the 1980s.
- Various other armed groups: In addition to the major parties and groups mentioned above, numerous smaller armed groups have also been involved in the Middle East conflict. These include local militias, religious extremist groups, and criminal organizations.
