How New York Became a State: From New Netherland to 11th State (1788)

1. Dutch colony (1620s): New Netherland, capital New Amsterdam.
2. English takeover (1664): Renamed New York for Duke of York.
3. Royal colony: Crown-appointed governor.
4. Revolutionary War: Key battles (Saratoga, NYC occupation); NYC served as temporary US capital.
5. Ratification (July 26, 1788): 11th state to adopt US Constitution.
6. Post-statehood growth: Erie Canal (1825), NYC as financial port, massive immigration.
7. Border finalization: Late 18th/early 19th c. treaties with Iroquois.
8. Capital fixed at Albany (1797): Remains seat of government.

New York’s commercial, cultural, and political influence has shaped the nation since the founding.