The Hindu Kush mountains stretch across the country from northeast to southwest, and they are the most prominent mountain range in Afghanistan. The mountains are divided into two main ranges, the Greater Hindu Kush and the Lesser Hindu Kush. The Greater Hindu Kush contains the highest peaks in the country, including Noshak. The Lesser Hindu Kush lies to the south of the Greater Hindu Kush, and it is less rugged.
The central highlands are located between the Hindu Kush mountains and the southern deserts and lowlands. The highlands are made up of a series of plateaus and valleys. The plateaus are generally between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,280 and 6,560 ft) above sea level, while the valleys are lower. The highlands are home to some of the country's largest cities, including Kabul, Herat, and Kandahar.
The southern deserts and lowlands are located in the south and west of the country. The deserts are made up of sand dunes and salt flats, while the lowlands are made up of fertile valleys. The southern deserts and lowlands are home to some of the country's most important agricultural areas.
Overall, Afghanistan is a country with a diverse landscape, ranging from rugged mountains to desert areas and lowlands.