Nelson Mandela (1918–2013) was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who became South Africa’s first Black president (1994–1999). Born into the Thembu royal family, he studied law and joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1943.
Mandela led nonviolent resistance and later co-founded the ANC’s armed wing. Arrested in 1962, he spent 27 years in prison, becoming a global symbol of the anti-apartheid movement.
Released in 1990, he negotiated the end of apartheid and won the 1994 multiracial election. As president, he championed reconciliation, establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Mandela received the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize and countless honors. His legacy of courage, forgiveness, and justice continues to inspire worldwide.