Did the Bolsheviks Establish Governments in Europe? No — Only in Russia (Soviet Union).

No. The Bolsheviks (later Communist Party of the Soviet Union) seized power in Russia during the October Revolution (1917) and established the Russian Soviet Republic (1917), then the USSR (1922).

Europe Context

• They did not establish governments in any other European country.
• Post-WWI, communist parties inspired by Bolsheviks formed in Germany (Spartacists), Hungary (1919 Soviet Republic — crushed), Finland (civil war — lost), but these were local movements, not Bolshevik-established.
• After WWII, Soviet occupation installed communist regimes in Eastern Europe (Poland, E. Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) — but these were Stalin-era, not direct Bolshevik actions.

Key Distinction

Bolsheviks = Russian revolutionary party (Lenin, Trotsky). Their state-building was confined to the former Russian Empire. "Exporting revolution" was ideological (Comintern), not direct governmental establishment in Europe.