First Permanent Settlers of Northern Italy

The earliest permanent settlements in Northern Italy date to the Neolithic period (~6000 BCE), established by the Ligures—a pre-Indo-European people inhabiting the region from modern Liguria to Provence.

In the 4th century BCE, Gallic (Celtic) tribes migrated from Central Europe and settled the area. These Celts were later absorbed into the Roman Empire, blending into a Romano-Celtic culture.