What are two factors that helped end communism in Europe?

1. Economic stagnation: The communist economies of Eastern Europe were plagued by inefficiency, waste, and a lack of innovation. This led to a decline in productivity and living standards, which in turn fueled widespread discontent.

2. Political liberalization: The Soviet Union began to relax its control over Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. This allowed for greater political freedom, and opposition movements quickly sprang up. These movements were able to mobilize large numbers of people and ultimately bring about the downfall of communism.