Sweden came into being in the 14th century following the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway. In the 16th century, King Gustav Vasa united the country under his sovereignty and the country went on to secure an empire over much of Scandinavia and northern Europe. However, by the 19th century it had lost all of its territories and since 1814 has been a nonaligned state, claiming neutrality in all subsequent conflicts.
Swedes are considered to be humble and welcoming people, not prone to boasting, who adhere to the idea of working hard and playing hard. Family is very important in Sweden and the culture is one based on egalitarianism and fairness. In terms of religion, Sweden is overwhelmingly Lutheran, with over 70 percent of the population being members of the church.
The culture of egalitarianism that has defined Swedish culture for centuries ensures that rigorous codes of etiquette govern a great deal of social interaction. In Sweden, one must always express thanks and reciprocate any kindness given. It is also considered bad manners to interrupt someone who is speaking and, when they are doing so, the listener must be attentive. All forms of self-aggrandizement are frowned upon.
Given its position in the northern hemisphere, Sweden is not ideal for growing many crops and traditionally vegetables do not make up a great part of the diet of the country. The primary vegetables are the hardy varieties such as beets and potatoes. With access to the sea, fish has always been a major source of protein for the Swedes. Traditional dishes include pickled herring and gravlax (salmon cured in salt, sugar and dill). The Swedes also have a penchant for meatballs and blood pudding. On special occasions, Swedes will often prepare a traditional smorgasbord, a buffet-style meal of cold and hot hors d'oeuvres that can include different types of herrings, meats, cheeses and vegetables.
Sweden has produced many famous people who have made contributions to all areas of culture. They include the natural scientist Carl Linnaeus, Alfred Nobel, the chemist and founder of the prizes that bear his name, film stars Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman, film director Ingmar Bergman, cinematographer Sven Nykvist, writers such as August Strindberg and Stieg Larsson, tennis star Björn Borg and Indy car driver Kenny Bräck.
