The Treaty of Versailles (1919) stripped Germany of 13 % of its 1914 land area (≈ 70,000 km²) and 10 % of its population.
| Region | To | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Alsace-Lorraine | France | Lost 1871; symbolic return |
| Eupen-Malmédy | Belgium | Plebiscite (contested) |
| North Schleswig | Denmark | Plebiscite 1920 |
| West Prussia, Posen, parts of Upper Silesia | Poland | Polish Corridor, Danzig free city |
| Saar Basin | League of Nations (15 yr) | Coal to France; plebiscite 1935 → Germany |
| All overseas colonies | Mandates (UK, France, Japan, etc.) | Togo, Cameroon, SW Africa, East Africa, Pacific |
“Stab-in-the-back” myth; revanchism fueled Nazi rise. 1935–39: Saar, Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Memel, Czechoslovakia, Poland — reversed by force.