Has Italy always had a parliamentary republic government?

No, Italy has not always had a parliamentary republic government. Italy's current form of government was established in 1946 after the fall of Benito Mussolini's fascist regime. Prior to this, Italy had been a monarchy since its unification in 1861. King Victor Emmanuel III reigned from 1900 until his abdication in 1946. The Italian Social Republic, a fascist puppet state of Nazi Germany, existed from 1943 to 1945 during World War II.