How Athens Got Its Name: The Gift of the Olive Tree

Athens, Greece's capital, is named after **Athena**, the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts. The founding myth, recorded by Herodotus, Ovid, and Plutarch, tells of a divine contest:

1. The Contest: **Poseidon** (god of the sea) and **Athena** vied to become the city's patron. Each offered a gift.
2. Poseidon's Gift: Struck the Acropolis with his trident → a **saltwater spring** (or a war horse). Symbolized naval power but undrinkable water.
3. Athena's Gift: Planted the first **olive tree** (moria). Provided food, oil (light, cooking, ritual), wood, and shade—sustaining life and economy.
4. The Verdict: The citizens (or King Cecrops) chose Athena's gift as more beneficial. The city was named **Athenae** (Αθήναι) in her honor.

The olive tree became Athens' sacred symbol—featured on coins, protecting the Acropolis. A descendant of the original tree was replanted on the Acropolis in the 20th century.