Russian Imperial Expansion in the 19th Century: Territories Acquired

During the 19th century, the Russian Empire expanded significantly into Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Key acquisitions included:

• Finland (1809) – from Sweden
• Bessarabia (1812) – from the Ottoman Empire
• Georgia (1801–1810) – gradual annexation
• Azerbaijan (1813) – Treaty of Gulistan
• Armenia (1828) – Treaty of Turkmenchay
• Turkestan (1865) – Central Asian campaigns
• Khiva (1873) – became a protectorate
• Bukhara (1868) – protectorate
• Samarkand (1868) – captured
• Kokand (1876) – khanate abolished
• Transcaspia (1884) – Caspian Sea region

These expansions solidified Russia's control over the Caucasus and Central Asia, shaping the region's modern borders.