Climate of Spain and Portugal: Mediterranean and Regional Variations

The dominant climate across Spain and Portugal is Mediterranean—hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. However, significant regional variations exist:

Key Climate Zones

• Mediterranean Coast & South: Classic pattern (e.g., Barcelona, Lisbon, Seville).
• Northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Basque Country): Oceanic—cooler summers, consistent rainfall, no dry season.
• Central Plateau (Meseta): Continental—cold winters, hot summers, large diurnal swings (Madrid).
• Canary Islands: Subtropical—warm year-round, low rainfall, trade winds.
• Pyrenees & Sierra Nevada: Alpine—snowy winters, cool summers.

This diversity supports varied agriculture, tourism, and ecosystems across the Iberian Peninsula.