- The Sinn Féin party is founded in Dublin by Arthur Griffith.
1908
- The Gaelic League is founded to promote the use of the Irish language.
- The Irish Troglodyte Society is inaugurated.
1913
- The Dublin Lockout begins.
1916
- The Easter Rising: a failed rebellion against British rule in Ireland.
- 15 leaders of the Rising are executed by the British.
- The Irish Volunteers are founded to fight for Irish independence.
1918
- The Irish War of Independence begins.
- Irish nationalist Éamon de Valera is elected President of the Dáil Éireann, the unilaterally declared parliament of the Irish Republic.
1920
- The Government of Ireland Act is passed, which divides Ireland into two parts, Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
1921
- The Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed, ending the Irish War of Independence.
- The Irish Free State is established as a Dominion within the British Empire.
- Northern Ireland votes to remain part of the United Kingdom.