- 1940: Beginning of the Emergency in response to the declaration of war between the United Kingdom and Germany.
- 1941: The Irish Free State enforces a coastal blackout and internment of over 1000 German and Austrian citizens and seamen of all nationalities (apart from British and Irish) under the Emergency Powers Act 1939.
- 1942: The Irish Free State declares intent to remain "neutral" over German U-boat sinkings of merchant ships in Irish territorial waters.
- 1943: The 1943 Constitution of Ireland replaces the 1922 Constitution.
- 1944: De Valera is re-elected as Taoiseach.
- 1945: The United Nations is established.
- 1947: The Republic of Ireland Act (1948) is passed by the Oireachtas.
- 1948: Ireland ceases to be a Commonwealth realm and becomes a republic after the Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 comes into effect.
1950s
- 1951: The First Eucharistic Congress is held in Dublin.
- 1952: The Ireland Act 1949 abolishes the oath of allegiance to the British monarch.
- 1955: The Irish pound is introduced.
- 1956: The Irish Free State and the United Kingdom sign the London and Dublin Agreements, which settle a number of outstanding issues between the two countries.
- 1957: Ireland joins the United Nations.
- 1959: The first televised Eurovision Song Contest is held in Dublin.
1960s
- 1960: Ireland signs a trade agreement with the United Kingdom.
- 1961: Ireland becomes a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
- 1962: The Second Vatican Council begins.
- 1963: The Irish Free State and the United Kingdom sign the Anglo-Irish Free Trade Agreement.
- 1966: The Republic of Ireland joins the United Nations Security Council.
- 1969: The Northern Ireland Troubles begin.