2. The Mestizo Population. The Spanish conquest of Mexico led to the intermarriage of Spanish men and indigenous women, resulting in the creation of a new mestizo population. Mestizos were often discriminated against by both Spanish and indigenous people and faced social and economic barriers.
3. The Catholic Church. The Catholic Church played a significant role in shaping Mexican culture and society. It helped to spread Spanish language, customs, and values and was a major landowner and economic force. The Church also played a role in politics, and its influence was often used to support the interests of the wealthy and powerful.