England (temperate maritime) and Italy (Mediterranean) sit at similar latitudes (40°–55°N) but experience profoundly different weather due to ocean currents, topography, and air-mass origins.
| Season | England | Italy (North) | Italy (South) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Winter | 3–7°C (37–45°F) | 0–6°C (32–43°F) | 10–15°C (50–59°F) |
| Summer | 15–20°C (59–68°F) | 22–28°C (72–82°F) | 25–32°C (77–90°F) |
Italy's continental influence brings colder northern winters; Gulf Stream moderates England. Southern Italy stays mild year-round.
Pack layers for England year-round. For Italy: summer = light linen + sun protection; winter north = coat; winter south = light jacket. Both: always carry a compact umbrella.