What are the major problems that face cuba?

* Low productivity: Cuba's economy is hampered by low productivity, due to a number of factors including a lack of investment, inefficient state-owned enterprises, and a poorly educated workforce.

* Lack of foreign investment: Cuba has been largely closed to foreign investment for decades, which has limited the country's access to capital and technology.

* Trade embargo: The United States has maintained a trade embargo against Cuba since 1962, which has severely restricted Cuba's ability to trade with other countries.

* Dual currency system: Cuba has a dual currency system, with one currency (the Cuban peso) used for domestic transactions and another (the convertible peso) used for foreign transactions. This system creates distortions in the economy and makes it difficult for businesses to operate.

Political problems

* Authoritarian government: Cuba is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Cuba holding all political power. There is no freedom of speech, assembly, or association, and political dissidents are often harassed and imprisoned.

* Lack of democracy: Cuba has not held free and fair elections since 1959. The country's political system is dominated by the military and the Communist Party, and there is no meaningful opportunity for citizens to participate in decision-making.

* Human rights abuses: Cuba has a history of human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings. The government also restricts freedom of the press and religion, and discriminates against women and minorities.

Social problems

* Poverty: Poverty is a major problem in Cuba, with an estimated 20% of the population living in poverty. The lack of economic opportunities, combined with the government's control over the economy, makes it difficult for Cubans to improve their standard of living.

* Inequality: Inequality is another major problem in Cuba, with a small elite controlling the majority of the country's wealth and resources. This inequality is reflected in the country's healthcare, education, and housing systems, which are all heavily skewed towards the wealthy.

* Emigration: Emigration is a major problem in Cuba, with an estimated 2 million Cubans living abroad. The government's restrictions on freedom of movement and the lack of economic opportunities make it difficult for Cubans to stay in their home country.