What was the cause of Mexican War Independence at beginning nineteenth century?

1. Social Inequality: New Spain (present-day Mexico), a colony of the Spanish Empire, had a rigid social hierarchy with a small group of Spanish-born elites holding power and wealth, while the majority of the population endured harsh living conditions and had limited opportunities for social advancement.

2. Economic Disparities: Spain imposed heavy taxes on its colonies and imposed trade restrictions that favored the Spanish merchants, leading to economic grievances and resentment among the local population.

3. Creole Identity: Creoles, people of European descent born in New Spain, were excluded from high-ranking positions in the colonial government and faced discrimination. They began to develop a sense of identity distinct from Spain and started to demand more autonomy.

4. Napoleon's Invasion of Spain: When French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain in 1808 and placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne, the Spanish colonies were thrown into turmoil. This event provided an opportunity for the independence movements in the colonies to gain momentum.

5. Influence of the Enlightenment: Enlightenment ideas about liberty, equality, and the rights of man spread to New Spain and influenced intellectuals and social leaders, fueling the desire for change and independence.

6. Local Leadership and Conspiracy: A group of Creole intellectuals and military leaders, including Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José María Morelos, planned and executed the first major uprisings against Spanish rule.

These factors culminated in the Mexican War of Independence, which began in 1810 and ultimately resulted in the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821.