* Top kill: This involved pumping heavy drilling mud and cement into the well to plug it.
* Junk shot: This involved dropping pieces of metal and debris into the well to block it.
* Capping the well: This involved placing a cap on the wellhead to prevent oil from escaping.
2. Cleanup the oil. Once the oil flow had been stopped, the next priority was to clean up the oil that had already spilled. This was a massive undertaking, and it involved:
* Skimming: This involved using boats and skimmers to remove oil from the surface of the water.
* Vacuuming: This involved using vacuum trucks to remove oil from beaches and wetlands.
* Burning: This involved burning off the oil in controlled fires.
* Chemical dispersants: These were used to break up the oil and make it easier to clean up.
3. Restore the environment. The oil spill caused extensive damage to the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. To help restore the environment, the following measures were taken:
* Reforestation: This involved planting new trees and vegetation in areas that had been damaged by the oil spill.
* Rehabilitation of beaches and wetlands: This involved cleaning up beaches and wetlands and restoring their natural habitats.
* Stock enhancement: This involved releasing young fish and shellfish into the Gulf of Mexico to help replenish the population.
4. Compensate those affected by the oil spill. The oil spill had a devastating impact on the lives of many people in the Gulf of Mexico region. To compensate for this, the following measures were taken:
* Financial assistance: BP provided financial assistance to individuals, businesses, and governments that were affected by the oil spill.
* Job training: BP provided job training to help those who had lost their jobs due to the oil spill find new employment.
* Healthcare: BP provided healthcare to those who had been exposed to oil from the spill.
5. Prevent future oil spills. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was a major disaster that had a devastating impact on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem and the lives of many people. To prevent future oil spills, the following measures were taken:
* Increased regulation of the oil industry: The US government imposed stricter regulations on the oil industry, including requirements for more robust safety measures and emergency response plans.
* Development of new technologies: Oil companies developed new technologies to reduce the risk of oil spills, such as subsea blowout preventers and capping stacks.
* Improved oil spill response capabilities: The US government and oil companies improved their oil spill response capabilities, including the development of new technologies and the creation of more rapid response teams.
