Vermont's Path to Statehood

Vermont was not "founded" as a state—it became the 14th state on March 4, 1791. Its path was unique: an independent republic that joined the Union.

🏞️ Pre-Statehood: The Vermont Republic (1777–1791)

• 1777: Declared independence from New York and New Hampshire (both claimed it) and Britain
• Constitution: First in Americas to ban slavery (adults), establish universal male suffrage, public education
• Capital: Windsor → Montpelier (1805)
• Currency: Vermont copper coins
• Diplomacy: Sought US admission; negotiated with NY/NH over borders, debts

🤝 The New York Dispute

• NY claimed Vermont under 1764 royal decree
• 1790: Vermont paid NY $30,000 for relinquishment — key breakthrough
• NH claim resolved earlier

🇺🇸 Admission

• 1791 Jan: Vermont convention ratifies US Constitution
• 1791 Feb 18: Congress passes admission act
• 1791 Mar 4: Statehood Day — 14th state, first after original 13
• Why March 4? Aligned with federal government start date (pre-20th Amendment)

🗝️ Key Figures

• Ethan Allen / Ira Allen: Green Mountain Boys, republic founders
• Thomas Chittenden: 1st Governor (1778–1789, 1790–1797)
• Nathaniel Chipman: Negotiated NY settlement; 1st US Senator

Vermont: the only state that was a sovereign republic before joining. "Freedom and Unity" — motto since 1777.