Coastline, forests, rivers, and wetlands dictated settlement patterns and livelihoods.
Abundant wildlife (deer, elk, bear, birds) and edible plants provided food.
Coastal waters rich in fish, clams, oysters supported coastal communities.
Fertile soils and moderate climate allowed cultivation of corn, squash, beans, tobacco.
Rivers, bays, and native trails enabled travel and trade networks.
Timber from forests used for homes, canoes, tools, clothing, pottery.
Distinct seasons influenced hunting/gathering cycles, clothing, shelter design.
Extensive knowledge of local plants for healing.
Natural features, plants, animals associated with deities and cultural practices.
Competition over resources and adaptation to environmental change.
Overall, the environment presented both challenges and opportunities essential for survival and cultural development.