New York State Electricity Generation Mix (2023)

New York's power sources are shifting rapidly toward clean energy under the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) (70% renewable by 2030, 100% zero-emission by 2040).

2023 Generation Mix (NYISO Gold Book / EIA)

SourceShareNotes
Natural Gas~42%Still largest single source. Peakers in NYC/Long Island critical for reliability.
Nuclear~22%3 plants: Nine Mile Point (2 units), Ginna, FitzPatrick. Indian Point (2 units) closed 2020/21.
Hydroelectric~22%NYPA Niagara (Robert Moses, Lewiston) + St. Lawrence-FDR. Run-of-river + pumped storage (Blenheim-Gilboa).
Wind~6%Onshore (upstate). Offshore coming: South Fork (132 MW, 2023), Empire Wind, Sunrise Wind (2.4 GW+ by 2030).
Solar~4%Utility + distributed (rooftop/community). Rapid growth. NY-Sun goal 10 GW by 2030.
Other Renewables~2%Biomass, landfill gas.
Coal0%Last plant (Somerset) closed 2020.
Oil<1%Emergency peakers only.

Key Dynamics

  • Downstate Dependency: NYC/Long Island (Zone J/K) import ~80% power from upstate/Quebec via constrained transmission.
  • Transmission Bottlenecks: "Green energy" stuck upstate. CHPE (Champlain Hudson Power Express, 1.25 GW from Quebec) under construction.
  • Peaker Replacement: NYC fossil peakers → batteries, demand response, offshore wind.

NY is a winter-peaking, dual-peaking (summer AC, winter heat electrification) system — unique challenge.

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