Geothermal Activity in the Great Rift Valley: Why Hot Springs Are Abundant

1. High geothermal activity: Thin crust brings mantle heat close to surface.
2. Fractures and faults: Provide pathways for hot water/steam to rise.
3. Hydrothermal circulation: Groundwater heated by deep rocks, rises as mineral-rich springs.
4. Magma chambers: Transfer heat to groundwater.
5. Volcanic gases: CO₂, H₂S, SO₂ dissolve in water, altering chemistry.

These factors make the Great Rift Valley highly prospective for hot springs.