How the Great Lakes Benefit the Midwest

Economic, Environmental & Energy Advantages

Economic Benefits

• Shipping & Trade: The lakes form a 2,300‑mile marine highway linking the Midwest to the Atlantic via the St. Lawrence Seaway, moving iron ore, grain, coal, and manufactured goods.
• Fishing Industry: Commercial and recreational fisheries generate billions in revenue and thousands of jobs.
• Tourism & Recreation: Beaches, boating, sport fishing, and lakeside cities attract millions of visitors annually.

Environmental Benefits

• Freshwater Supply: The lakes hold ~20% of the world's surface fresh water, serving 40 million people.
• Climate Regulation: Large water bodies moderate temperatures, extending growing seasons and reducing extremes.
• Water Filtration: Natural processes filter pollutants, supporting diverse ecosystems.

Energy Production

• Hydropower: Dams on connecting rivers (e.g., Niagara) generate renewable electricity.
• Wind Energy: Strong, consistent winds over the lakes drive expanding offshore wind farms.

Research & Education

The lakes serve as living laboratories for climate science, limnology, invasive species study, and more, supporting universities and agencies across the region.