Why Are Cities Sometimes Referred to as "She" or "Her"?

There is no universal rule. Gendered personification of cities varies by language, culture, and context:

• In English, cities like London or Paris are occasionally personified as female in poetry or rhetoric.
• In languages with grammatical gender (e.g., French, Spanish, Russian), cities may be assigned masculine or feminine gender based on linguistic rules.
• Mythological or historical associations can also influence personification (e.g., Roma as a goddess).

These are symbolic or metaphorical uses, not reflections of inherent gender.