Who Proposed the Monroe Doctrine?

It was President James Monroe, not John Quincy Adams, who articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823. However, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams was the principal architect and drafter. Adams shaped the doctrine's core principles: non-colonization, non-intervention, separate spheres for Americas and Europe. Monroe delivered it; Adams wrote it. Their partnership defined U.S. hemispheric policy for a century.