- Economic exploitation: The British imposed heavy taxes on Indian farmers and artisans, and took control of many of the country's natural resources. This led to widespread poverty and economic stagnation.
- Political oppression: The British ruled India through a system of indirect rule, which allowed them to maintain control over the country without having to directly govern it. This system was based on the cooperation of local elites, who were given positions of power and influence in exchange for their loyalty.
- Social discrimination: The British introduced a system of racial segregation, which placed Europeans at the top of the social hierarchy and Indians at the bottom. This system was enforced through a number of laws and regulations, and it had a profound impact on Indian society.
- Cultural suppression: The British attempted to suppress Indian culture and traditions, and to impose their own values and beliefs on the Indian people. This led to a widespread loss of cultural identity among Indians.
These conditions of colonial rule had a devastating impact on India, and they contributed to the country's eventual struggle for independence.
