Conditions of Colonial Rule in Bombay

British colonial rule in Bombay featured:

• Economic Exploitation: Heavy taxes on farmers/artisans; control of natural resources → widespread poverty.
• Political Oppression: Indirect rule via cooperative local elites; limited self-governance.
• Social Discrimination: Racial hierarchy with Europeans atop, Indians at bottom; enforced by law.
• Cultural Suppression: Attempts to replace Indian traditions with British values → loss of cultural identity.

These conditions fueled India's independence movement.